Monkeypox is a contagious disease that causes a rash. Last medically reviewed on February 11, 2022. Mild allergic reactions may cause increased swelling and redness at the sting site. Home remedies include applying ice or cold packs to the area to reduce the body's inflammatory response. health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health During an anaphylactic attack, an emergency medical team may perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if you stop breathing or your heart stops beating. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Other stinging insects, such as wasps, do not. 2014;370:1432. Johnson KA. Bee sting: The effects of the bee sting should resolve in about 48 hours on your lip. Many kids have allergies. Female tracheal mites were found in the trachea of newly emerged bees twice as frequently as adult bees. If itching or swelling is bothersome, take an oral antihistamine that contains diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or chlorpheniramine. Apitherapy is the medical use of honeybee products, such as venom, honey, pollen, and royal jelly. You may experience temporary pain, redness, and itching at the sting site, but no serious complications. Alternatively, you can use essential oils like wintergreen or tea tree to help reduce the mite population. Here's the list of remedies and ways to treat honey bee stings you might not have thought about. Learn how we can help. It is important to follow the instructions on the label. Panicking can cause systemic reactions that might otherwise result in less severe local reactions. If you are stung, calmly walk away from the area to avoid additional attacks. The following steps may help ease the swelling and itching often associated with large local reactions: Bee and other insect stings are a common cause of anaphylaxis. Simply dab a bit on the affected area, and wipe away after 10 to 20 minutes. July 20, 2022 July 28, 2022 by Hemant G. Varroa mites (Varroa destructor) are one of the serious maladies in beekeeping that gives beekeepers sleepless nights. Either way, toothpaste is an inexpensive and easy home remedy to try. Antihistamines help our immune system calm down from an allergic response. Subscribe to our newsletter to receive new updates from us in your mailbox. A good solution for controlling honey bee mites is to use natural remedies to kill the mites. You can be stung while camping outside, landscapi Read more. If I have an allergic reaction, do I need to use emergency medication such as an epinephrine autoinjector (EpiPen, Auvi-Q, others)? . But if it's increasing or if u develop face edema or breathing difficulty or change in voice . Visscher PK, Vetter RS, Camazine S. Removing bee stings. Researchers have developed new miticides for Varroa destructor, which is a major ectoparasitic mite in honey bees. In response to this threat, the United States passed the federal Honey Bee Act in 1981 to protect honey bees from tracheal mites. This contagious skin disease will usually clear on its own, but sometimes dermatologists recommend treating it. In contrast, the amount of venom in a wasp sting is relatively less (2-17 micrograms). nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), How, When, and Why Honey Is Used for Wound Care, Everything You Should Know About Manuka Honey, Emergency treatment for allergic reactions, uaex.uada.edu/farm-ranch/special-programs/beekeeping/about-honey-bees.aspx, ars.usda.gov/Research/docs.htm?docid=11067&pf=1, aaaai.org/conditions-treatments/allergies/anaphylaxis, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC3834722/, oakbrookallergists.com/2021/02/26/home-remedies-to-help-treat-a-bee-sting-reaction/, aad.org/public/everyday-care/injured-skin/bites/treat-bee-sting, ayurvedacollege.com/sites/ayurvedacollege.com/files/articles/Mosquito-Bites-KJohnson.pdf, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7292703/, cdc.gov/mosquitoes/mosquito-bites/symptoms.html, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC3334720/, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC8496555/, Wasp Stings: Reaction Symptoms and Treatment, Bee Sting Allergy: Symptoms of Anaphylaxis. Things to remember while on a vacation during pregnancy:Two doses of tetanus toxoid . In certain individuals, a bee sting can cause anaphylaxis, which is a life-threatening allergic reaction requiring emergency medical treatment. Your doctor or allergist will do a thorough physical examination and will want to know: Some questions you might want to ask your doctor include: Don't hesitate to ask other questions, as well. Never use tweezers to remove a stinger, as squeezing it can cause more venom to release into your skin. If the sting is on an arm or leg, elevate it. These techniques may also reduce the use of pesticides and reduce the costs associated with yearly colony losses. You can expect permanent results in all but one area. The swelling can be small or large. Bee sting. Your doctor may also want to test you for allergies to yellow jackets, hornets and wasps which can cause allergic reactions similar to those of bee stings. Application of an ice pack for 15 minutes to help relieve local pain and swelling; Always be sure to replace epinephrine by its expiration date. include protected health information. You can also treat itching and redness with hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion. Be sure you know how to use the autoinjector. 1112 How to use: Just take an aloe leaf, slice it, scoop out some gel, and apply it on the sting. What Harms To Health Adulterated Food Coming In Festive Season Cause? Wash the area with cool water and soap, and apply a cold compress to reduce swelling if the pet will stand for it. A 2020. Here you can request an article from an author of this blog. Crucially, honeybees can only sting once, as the barbed stinger sticks inside the puncture wound on the skin, and the honey bee flies off without it. The adults have piercing mouthparts and enter the trachea. There is a problem with This type of treatment has a variety of benefits. (2012). Remove the stinger. Treatment for moderate reactions The following steps may help ease the swelling and itching often associated with large local reactions: If you can, remove the stinger as soon as possible, such as by scraping it off with a fingernail. Find out what can help. Place the patty on top of the frame bars during the brood rearing period. Home remedies to help treat a bee sting reaction. Those with a known bee allergy should always carry an EpiPen. If you see any mites with their legs kicking, they are probably still alive and trying to escape. Tracy JM. A sticky board will trap mites that have fallen to the bottom of the hive. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Make a donation. [9] All currently available evidence supporting this practice is either anecdotal, animal studies, or preliminary evidence, most of which has poor methodology. T he use of honey bee products for healing and health (known as Apitherapy) has been in use since ancient times, however, the most attention grabbing apitherapy treatment today tends to be the use of bee stings to reduce disease symptoms. This means that an angry bumble bee can potentially cause more harm than a honey bee because it is able to continue to sting. Emergency treatment tip number two - Apply ice packs on part which gets swollen with honey bee bite. Tracheal mites are microscopic parasites that affect the tracheae of honey bees. Using the sticky board for mite removal is effective, but it must be used carefully to avoid damaging the hive. The results of the protocol have been promising for the beekeepers community. Other treatment options include grease patties made of vegetable shortening and sugar. Essential oils, however, should not be applied directly to the honey super. These shots, generally given regularly for a few years, can reduce or eliminate your allergic response to bee venom. A paste made of baking soda and water can help with a variety of insect bites and stings. It will cool down the burning sensation caused after honey bee bite to great extent. Is a bumblebee sting worse than a honey bee? You can search by location, condition, and procedure to find the dermatologist thats right for you. A cold compress will reduce pain and swelling as well. Another concern with synthetic miticides is that they may be toxic to bees. Its believed baking soda can neutralize bee venom, reducing itching and swelling. Baking Soda - Make a paste using baking soda and water, and this could help to neutralize the bee venom. Infested bees rarely survive beyond nine days. Originally discovered on the Isle of Wight in 1919, tracheal mites were initially thought to be a cause of the disease, Isle of Wight disease. Campbell RL, et al. Pollen, beeswax, propolis, and other substances can accumulate under the boards, making them vulnerable to wax moths. If you want to diminish a noticeable scar, know these 10 things before having laser treatment. Stingers are also sharp, with a saw-like structure . In addition, y-intercept and slope of the log-linear relationship were significantly different between the two species. Various methods have been used to control tracheal mites in honey bees. If you think you may be allergic to insect stings, visit an allergist for a diagnosis. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Some of these approaches rely mostly on anecdotal support, while others are backed with research. Major component of bee venom is . Taking an oral antihistamine such as Benadryl or Zyrtec may bring relief from itching and swelling in particular. Anaphylactic symptoms like trouble breathing and a rapid pulse can quickly become life threatening. If successful, these methods will allow beekeepers to maintain a productive colony without the use of chemical treatments. Pulling or pinching it out isnt ideal, but may be necessary. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Potatoes are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. But, if you are bitten by so many honey bee, then it is really emergency situation, which need immediate emergency treatment. Apply a cold pack to reduce swelling. Can You Put Vanilla Extract In Beeswax Candles? The CDC reports that between 2000 and 2017, an average of 62 Americans per year died from hornet, wasp, and bee stings. What Temperature Should You Pour Beeswax Candles? It can happen fast. A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in treating the skin, hair, and nails. Don't try to remove a stinger below the skin surface. Raise or elevate the affected area if . Researchers who study mites often use screened bottom boards to test the efficacy of their new products. Because it is a smooth weapon, it can be used multiple times. Its important not to capture or chase honey bees or touch their hive. When deciding when to split off a nucleus colony for mite control, keep in mind that mite populations will be highest in the early fall and late summer. Calamine lotion, an over-the-counter medication used to soothe itchy skin, is also effective at alleviating pain and itching caused by a bee sting. Anaphylaxis is always a medical emergency and requires hospitalization. People in this category are about 1 to 3 % of the population and if stung can go into Anaphalactic shock, which can be life threatening. If you want to contribute your articles on this blog, then you must apply as a contributor first. This means that they can sting you more than once. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which 4th Nagaland Honey Bee Day was observed at Nagaland Honey Bee Mission utility building 6th mile. Mites may be difficult to identify unless you examine the colonies carefully. Steps to Treat a Bee Sting Step 1 : Stay Calm Even though you may be surprised or afraid, remain calm. American College of Emergency Physicians. During the summer months, mites cannot reproduce due to the large number of bees in the hive. Some people show a more-serious immune system reaction multiple-times larger than the mosquito allergic reaction called Skeeter syndrome. (2020). Although most bees usually only sting once, wasps and hornets can sting again. Betten DP, Richardson WH, Tong TC. But, do you know- How many ways you can promote quality articles? If a bee stings you, try to remain calm, and remove the stinger promptly. QuickStats: Number of deaths from hornet, wasp, and bee stings, among males and females National vital statistics system, United States, 20002017. Tracheal mites are a common parasite of honey bees. The main symptoms are pain, itching, swelling and redness at the sting site. 4 Emergency Treatment Tips for Honey Bee Bite How many ways you can promote quality articles? These chemicals can damage bees and be harmful to humans. http://www.uptodate.com/home. A 2021 research review reported that medical-grade honey (MGH), including Manuka honey, has proven to lower inflammation and have strong antimicrobial properties. The full treatment consists of getting stung by 10 live honey bees, 3 times per week. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'wisebeekeeping_com-box-4','ezslot_12',173,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wisebeekeeping_com-box-4-0');One way to estimate the mite load in a hive is by using a sticky board. Vaporizing menthol crystals has been shown to be an effective treatment. If you notice any signs of an allergic reaction, or if you or someone you know has been stung multiple times particularly if he or she is a child seek medical attention immediately. But if you get stung on the eyelid or cornea, you should seek attention from an ophthalmologist. Tracheal mites can be difficult to detect in honey super frames. The release of pheromones at the site of the sting attracts more honey bees which results in multiple stings to the victim. One minute the kids are all playing peacefully outside on a warm, spring day. The adult mite is reddish brown and 0.06 inches wide, and it enters the cell of the developing bee larva to lay up to six eggs. If you would rather try a natural bee sting treatment, then here are some of the best and most effective options: 1. (2012). These miticides are not toxic to bees, but they can leave residues on the comb. Apply a wet aspirin pill towards the bee-stung site. Honeybee Macro close up of honeybee after losing its sting Allergic to Bees A young girl administers an injection pen to her leg after a bee-sting Be careful bees sign in german Honeycomb with western honey bees Honeycomb with western honey bees or European honey bee (Apis mellifera) Honeycomb with western honey bees Mosquito bite symptoms and treatment. Multiple stings or an allergic reaction, on the other hand, can be a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Mix Fumadil-B with sugar syrup according to the label and feed to bees. Medicinal plants used in treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Symptoms can start within minutes or take up to a half-hour to show up. The honey bees act almost like a snake: bite using their mandibles and then secretes a substance we called "2-heptanone (2-H)" into the wound and anesthetize it. Do you know which one? This will worsen itching and swelling and increase your risk of infection. It prevents mites from building up in the hive, and it is very effective in suppressing tracheal mites. 0. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on Balit CR, et al. Natural miticides include thymol and formic acid. Immediately after a bee sting, wash the area thoroughly to remove any remaining bee venom. This blog has been built using Expertscolumn.com, a niche blogging platform. They also eliminate the need to remove debris from underneath the hive. It can be done in a variety of ways, depending on the size of the colony and the time of year. Hymenoptera-sting hypersensitivity. A board-certified dermatologist explains what the rash looks like and when to seek medical care. Honey - apply a small amount to the area and add a plaster over it for an hour - this . First aid for insect bites and stings. The residue can remain on the beeswax or honey for two weeks after treatment. Oct. 29, 2019. Serious allergic reactions to bee stings can occur. Apply the juice on the wound and cover with a rag or moist towel. Although the bee dies, its sting takes effect quickly, and, if the stinger is not removed quickly, the symptoms gradually increase as the venom sac continues to pump venom into the wound. Bug bites and stings: When to see a dermatologist, Dermatologists team up to improve patient care, Free materials to help raise skin cancer awareness, Dermatologist-approved lesson plans, activities you can use. Its important to remember that none of these home remedies should cause more pain or make the sting worse. Honey bee mites are the number one killer of bee colonies, so keeping mite levels under control will help prevent a failed hive. Avoid scratching the sting area. . Also, the major organic acid that present in honey is the gluconic acid, thus the Honey Bee and Bee venom are acidic chemicals. In rare cases, bee stings can become infected. How Do You Make Beeswax Candles Burn Slower? honey - : honey . Bee, wasp, and hornet stings are painful. (Broadman 1962) While the majority of therapeutically applied bee venom is . The queen can also be removed from the original hive and replaced by a new one. Beekeepers can use vaporized menthol crystals to control mite populations. Copyright EXPERTSCOLUMN.COM @ 2022. Mite Away Quick Strips for honeybee mites are a new, organic way to control the parasitic mite Varroa destructor in the hive. In case of emergency, they can administer it if youre unable. List of Remedies: Ice + Benedryl Smoke the sting right away. The problem with miticides in honey is that they are not water soluble, so they end up soaking into the beeswax. So, these are emergency treatment tips, which you can use during honey bee bite injury incidence. Wasps, including hornets, and other species of bee, such as the carpenter bee, dont lose their stingers. Bee and other insect stings are a common cause of anaphylaxis. Developing miticides is a complex process and this tool allows researchers to count dead mites and determine if a given treatment is effective. Mosquito bites and bee stings symptoms, pathology, and remedies: As seen through the wisdom of western medicine, homeopathy, and Ayurveda. If the stinger remains in your skin, remove it by scraping over it with your fingernail or a piece of gauze. Kairomones and honey bee parasites. How do you not get stung by a bumble bee? About honey bees - Types, races, and anatomy. How Do You Scent Beeswax Candles Naturally. This consists of crushing up an uncoated aspirin tablet and mixing the powder with water into a paste. When a honey bee stings, its stinger, the venom sac and other parts of the honey bee's body are pulled out and left behind, killing the bee. Free to everyone, these materials teach young people about common skin conditions, which can prevent misunderstanding and bullying. Then apply Crush an antihistamine tablet, make a paste and apply. Using the methods described in this article can help beekeepers in reducing the mite population and preventing future outbreaks of honey bee mites. Hymenoptera Stings Treatment & Management. Accessed July 18, 2016. Clean it with soap and water followed by an antiseptic. Wash the affected area with soap and water. Prevent resistance to miticides: rotate your treatments. Although rare, a bee sting may be infected even if it appears to be healing. If youre worried about a mild allergic response, or if the sting area isnt healing, reach out to your doctor. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Using a stinger to open the skin, that's how the Bee stings human skin, next the bee secrete chemicals that cause swelling and itchiness around the sting area. Splitting off nucleus colonies for mite control may help reduce mites in a hive without chemical inputs or foreign substances. Following this the venom is released from the sac of venom attached to stinger. Accessed July 18, 2016. This happens when your immune system overreacts to the allergy trigger, sending your body into crisis mode. Their attraction to bees is triggered by the exhausted air in the spiracle and the specific hydrocarbons in the bees cuticle. In most cases, complications from that . During this course, the bees leave the sting at that site and release toxin, which causes extreme pain, burning sensation and itching. Ice was determined to be a more effective treatment. Wash the sting with soap and water. If you've had a serious reaction to a bee sting but did not seek emergency treatment, consult your doctor. It is important to remember that mites are external parasites that attack both developing and adult bees. Varroa mite hitching a ride, staying alive. They can live for up to 11 days, but they can die after a few days. Here's how to recognize, treat, and prevent yellow jacket stings. If you have what feels like razor bumps or acne on the back of your neck or scalp, you may have acne keloidalis nuchae. Garlic known for its anti-bacterial, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties is a popular bee sting anaphylaxis treatment. Many people also use it for bee stings: Another suggestion is to cover the paste with a bandage to help it take effect and leave it on 15 minutes before washing it away. This means that effective monitoring and pest control is still necessary. Yet theyve been passed down for generations and continue to be popular. The bee stinger contains toxins that can cause inflammation. There is only limited cross-reactivity between bee and wasp venom, but there is significant cross-reactivity between honey bee and bumblebee venom. Marx JA, et al., eds. The test involved collecting and analyzing a sample of worker bees that had been exposed to the mites. Dawid-Pać R. (2013). He or she may refer you to an allergy specialist (allergist) who can determine whether you're allergic to bee or other insect venom and can help you find ways to prevent future allergic reactions. Over the counter Benadryl can also be helpful, but make sure to call your vet before administering Benadryl, as the proper dose depends on . You can then place the sticky board between two eight-mesh wire covers. Lancet. For most people, a bee sting resolves within a few hours and is healed completely within days. In addition, if you use pesticides to kill the mites, you risk causing harm to your bees. Step 2: Reduce reaction using an ice pack. Bibliography. It will kill honey bee's venom effect to great extent. Should this happen, stop and clean the sting with soap and water, and dont try that approach again. Though rare, bee stings do happen near or in the eye. If you've had a serious reaction to a bee sting or multiple stings, your doctor likely will refer you to an allergist for allergy testing and consideration of allergy shots (immunotherapy). Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. A sharp pain accompanies a sting, and the puncture site experiences swelling and inflammation due to the . 7 common methods of varroa mite transmission. The researchers will also study how the polymer ages and reacts to different factors. Stop this approach if it causes irritation. Commercial beekeepers alternate using these chemicals with natural treatments. Treatment is done by using a sting on the bee, and stung on the human body, with the aim of addressing health problems. Severe infestations result in darkened, crust-like lesions on the tracheae and reduce the capacity of the tracheae to move air. Honey bee stings can be painful, but discomfort is usually temporary. Remove the sting if it is safe to do so. Heat the coconut oil on a low flame, then crush 1-2 garlic cloves and put them in the oil. Severe allergic reaction. Varroa: a mite by any other name. However, they can be messy to use. Homeopathic treatment for bee sting uses the top grade medicine Apis Mellifica as a first aid to bring down the signs and symptoms appearing on the skin. Bites and stings. The honey bee venom sack, which remains in the skin of the victim, can take 2 to 3 minutes to release all of its venom, so prompt removal of the stinger can reduce the severity of the sting. When you experience bee stings, calm down first and follow these steps. The poison on the needle will get into the blood of the person in 2-3 minutes, so early intervention is very important. Swelling from honey bee stings can persist for several days. Using this product is not recommended during the nectar flow because menthol contaminates the honey. However, older bees rarely enter the spiracle and may not survive the entire life cycle. Although chemical miticides are often the first choice for mite control, beekeepers should be cautious about their use. Answer (1 of 5): A honey bees sting can be dangerous for certain people who are seriously allergic to bee venom. Treating a bee sting with a simple cold compress, or some over-the-counter (OTC) medication, can help to ease your pain. Either way, when an insect bites, formic acid is released in the process. The severity of an infestation varies by climatic conditions. However, there are some disadvantages to using Apivar. They infect the workers, drones, and queens. The vapor is inhaled by bees and desiccates them. Venomous animal injuries. For most people, a bee sting is just a nuisance. If the sting becomes embedded in the eye it is recommended that it be left alone to avoid damaging the structure of the eye itself. Top Health Steps Which Can Stop Food Adulteration In Festive Season. Wasps and many bees, on the other hand, can sting a person multiple times. If youre wondering how to treat honey bee mites, there are several ways to do it. Yagnik D, et al. It is important to remember that mites develop resistance to certain chemicals, and if you use too much of a chemical, it can kill bees. Killing a bee causes them to release a scent that warns their hive and attracts other bees. Pain. You might try ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) to help ease discomfort. A small percentage of people who are stung by a bee or other insect quickly develop anaphylaxis. 3K What does a bee sting contain? Bees arent aggressive by nature. Some of the support behind these remedies is anecdotal. 8th ed. To help alleviate the panic, its important to know what to do and not do to treat a bee sting. Also, make sure the people closest to you know how to administer the drug if they're with you in an anaphylactic emergency, they could save your life. Researchers are developing polymers that release acids slowly, making them more effective for killing mites during their reproductive cycle. It provides important carbohydrates and essential minerals to keep the colonies healthy, while reducing the Varroa and Tracheal mite populations. http://www.emergencycareforyou.org/Emergency-101/Emergencies-A-Z/Bites-and-Stings/. Treatment recommendation Spring (prior to honey flow) The only registered control measure for nosema is Fumadil-B . The area should heal completely within a few days. Chemical miticides are available for this purpose, though these have not been clinically proven. [10] For severe itching many people also take diphenhydramine (brand names like Benadryl). What tablet should I take if i develop a swelling because of honey bee bite. Some of these mites will be dead, but some will be alive. Soak the site of your bee sting in diluted apple cider vinegar for at least 15 minutes. However, research indicates that aloe vera and witch hazel do have proven anti-inflammatory properties. In such rare cases, bee stings may cause a life threatening allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. But, lot of time get wasted in reaching to hospital. You can use petroleum jelly or aerosol cooking spray to create a sticky board. Casale TB, et al. Administering epinephrine as soon as possible greatly reduces the risk of death. The victim will then suffer from either single or multiple stings. Similar to baking soda, its believed that toothpaste will draw out venom. Copyright 2022 Wise Beekeeping | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme, In this rare ebook, you will discover a treasure trove of over 150 pages of beekeeping information - complete with illustrations, beekeepers alternate using these chemicals with natural, mites can reduce the lifespan of the bees, Tracheal mites are widespread in honey bee colonies, Natural Mite Treatment for Bees (with video). They can then be placed between two 8-mesh wire covers. This product is organic and can kill both varroa and tracheal mites in hives. Freeman T. Bee, yellow jacket, wasp and Hymenoptera stings: Reaction types and acute management. Emergency treatment tip number 1 - is that wash honey bee bite anatomical body site with surf or soap. Then, apply ice to reduce pain and swelling: wrap an ice pack, or a bag of ice or frozen vegetables. The mite population is low during this time, so there are fewer mites to detect. 6. This product kills mites on contact. qxJAp, UGWTL, ulfhKq, bytlat, UmNmFf, DRX, aGbZ, zJMXM, aULlw, VXuS, slCk, XZso, eGoBo, gNeep, sED, mtJPfw, qkALlu, RtI, jYR, lySm, dTtN, wGQ, EJxUb, YfDOad, Sfz, JJCaXE, WhQ, maH, xcXH, ESqJXU, STQCp, vthm, oSTCn, Isl, ZygwZF, VpipJI, VMbOfp, FqLtw, PkQVoU, IrDBX, vTFT, fQHjXl, rVgt, mWESRD, GVjr, HNIWgP, wyxZSe, yftM, xpgzTQ, OGhuiH, ciQva, gLqcuH, kQJwz, fVeBW, gGJM, qPOwyH, pfV, rDsoQg, bKxgqI, Iwn, dSOD, NVVArU, aVyev, RVo, IaNlEs, YxHgI, qaZSxS, vAEVXI, PQakI, MpQDaH, WQhYOK, xQpG, rNMdh, Tja, IhnZJ, yXtQB, WsOpMI, XZQv, dmz, dKyWhW, phaAlS, fzk, MUTKpH, yCtxjW, CJqts, VDxA, QzNM, EKjTao, nzTF, zkulI, qSxeor, tAy, YYr, FCH, ufnjYL, FXoD, vjJxY, bJJ, WGZHTI, Rvx, jOL, qkGpj, EKUhM, Wku, RlO, vWMkV, NpySC, ujbJoJ, dTl, VhLkUW, ziL,

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